Proteas are one of
the most beautiful flowering shrubs in the world. Originating in South Africa
the Protea is also related to Australian plants such as the Waratah , the Banksia and the Grevillea. Many growers include Leucadendrons and Leucospermums
under the umbrella of the name "Protea".
Proteas usually flower in their second or third years and have proven to be
very adaptable to the Australian climate, they are also reported to grow well
in the southern states of the United States. They can vary in size from small
shrubs to small trees, the flower size being anything from about 5cm (2")
(Protea scolymocephala) to about 30cm (12") (Protea
cynaroides, commonly known as the King
Protea. See below, right.).
 In
order to grow a healthy, high yield, flowering Protea shrub it is essential
to follow some basic ground rules.
* The soil must be well drained, and if planting in heavy clay soil it is
recommended that you build a raised bed, about 60cm (24") high, filled
with sandy soil.
* Acid soil is essential.
* Proteas prefer lots of sun and good air circulation so planting away from
where trees and buildings are going to block sun for more than a few hours
a day is well advised.
* Tiny surface roots develop on the Protea plant and can easily be damaged
by cultivation. Laying down mulch, away from the stem of the plant, to prevent
rot, is good practice as it reduces weed growth and keeps the roots cool in
summer. Always make sure the area around the plant is weed free, but avoid
pulling or digging out weeds. Rather, use a spray (carefully), weeding stick
or simply cut off weeds at ground level.
* Proteas do not like normal garden fertilisers. They require very little
nutrient and cannot cope with more than a very small amount of phosphorous.
Hoof and horn or well rotted manure can be used but is not normally required.
* Proteas must be watered regularly during winter. They prefer drier conditions
during summer, once established, but require some watering during long dry
spells. Exceptions to this rule are Protea cynaroides and Protea compacta
which require regular watering throughout the year. Foliage should not be
made wet during hot or humid conditions as this can lead to fungal problems.
* Young Protea plants may need protection from frost. Older plants are quite
frost hardy, nevertheless, their yield of flowers can be markedly reduced
by severe frost.
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